H JY Chen, M Beauchamp, K Toprasertpong, F Huang, L L Coeur, T Nemec, HS P Wong, and K Boahen, Multi-Gate FeFET Discriminates Spatiotemporal Pulse Sequences for Dendrocentric Learning, IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, pp 1-4, 2023.

L L Coeur, N Riedman, S Sarup, and K Boahen, Energy-Efficient Detection of a Spike Sequence, European Symposium on Artifical Neural Networks, pp 629-634, 2023.

B Benjamin, R Smith, and K Boahen, A Low Thermal Sensitivity Subthreshold-Current to Pulse-Frequency Converter for Neuromorphic Chips, IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol 13, no 4, pp 956-964, 2023.

B Benjamin, R Smith, and K Boahen, An Analytical MOS Device Model with Mismatch and Temperature Variation for Subthreshold Circuits, Transactions on Circuits and Systems—II, vol 70, issue 6, pp 1826-1830, 2023.

K Boahen, Dendrocentric Learning for Synthetic Intelligence, Nature, vol 612, issue 7938, pp 43-50, 2022.

J Timcheck, J Kadmon, K Boahen, and S Ganguli, Optimal Noise Level for Coding with Tightly Balanced Networks of Spiking Neurons in the Presence of Transmission Delays, PLOS Computational Biology, vol 18, no 10, 2022.

Y Shi, N A Steinmetz, T Moore, K Boahen, and T A Engel, Cortical State Dynamics and Selective Attention Define the Spatial Pattern of Correlated Variability in Neocortex, Nature Communications, vol 13, no 44, pp 1-15, 2022.

B Benjamin, N A Steinmetz, N N Oza, J J Aguayo, and K Boahen, Neurogrid Simulates Cortical Cell-Types, Active Dendrites, and Top-Down Attention, Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, vol 1, no 1, pp 1-12, 2021.

S Reid, A Montoya, and K Boahen, PinT: Polynomial in Temperature Decode Weights in a Neuromorphic Architecture, DATE 2019-Design, Automation & Test in Europe, pp 60-65. March 2019.

A Neckar, S Fok, B Benjamin, T C Stewart, N N Oza, A R Voelker, C Eliasmith, R Manohar, and K Boahen, Braindrop: A Mixed-Signal Neuromorphic Architecture With a Dynamical Systems-Based Programming Model, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 107, no 1, pp 144-64, 2019.

S Fok, Communicating and Computing with Spikes in Neuromorphic Systems. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 2018.

A Neckar, Braindrop: A Mixed-Signal Neuromorphic Architecture with a Dynamical Systems-Based Programming Model. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 2018.

B Benjamin, Subthreshold Analog Circuit Design for Large-Scale, Low-Power, Spiking Neuromorphic Systems. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 2018.

A Neckar, T Stewart, B Benjamin, and K Boahen, Optimizing an Analog Neuron Circuit Design for Nonlinear Function Approximation, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and System (ISCAS), pp 1-4, Florence Italy, May 2018.

S Fok and K Boahen, A Serial H-Tree Router for Two-Dimensional Arrays, 24th IEEE Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems, pp 78-85, 2018.

A Cutkosky and K Boahen, Stochastic and Adversarial Online Learning Without Hyperparameters, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30, Curran Associates, Inc., pp 5066-5074, 2017.

A Cutkosky and K Boahen, Online Learning Without Prior Information, Conference on Learning Theory, pp 643-677, 2017.

E Kauderer-Abrams, A Gilbert, A Voelker, B Benjamin, T C Stewart, and K Boahen, A Population-Level Approach to Temperature Robustness in Neuromorphic Systems, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp 1-4, Baltimore MD, 2017.

E Kauderer-Abrams and K Boahen, Calibrating Silicon-Synapse Dynamics using Time-Encoding and Decoding Machines, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp 1-4, Baltimore MD, 2017.

A R Voelker, B V Benjamin, T C Stewart, K Boahen, and C Eliasmith, Extending the Neural Engineering Framework for Nonideal Silicon Synapses, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp 1-4, Baltimore MD, 2017.

K Boahen, A Neuromorph's Prospectus, Computing in Science & Engineering, vol 19, no 2, pp 14-28, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos CA, USA, 2017.

A Cutkosky and K Boahen, Online Convex Optimization with Unconstrained Domains and Losses, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 29, Curran Associates, Inc., pp 748-756, 2016.

T Engel, N A Steinmetz, M A Gieselmann, A Thiele, T Moore, and K Boahen, Selective Modulation of Cortical State During Spatial Attention, Science, vol 354, issue 6316, pp 1140-1144, December 2, 2016.

A Cutkosky and K Boahen, Bloom Features, IEEE International Conference on Computation Science and Computational Intelligence, IEEE Computer Society, pp 547-552, 2015.

B V Benjamin, P Gao, E McQuinn, S Choudhary, A R Chandrasekaran, J-M Bussat, R Alvarez-Icaza, J V Arthur, P A Merolla, and K Boahen, Neurogrid: A Mixed-Analog-Digital Multichip System for Large-Scale Neural Simulations, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 102, no 5, pp 699-716, 2014.

P Merolla, J V Arthur, R Alvarez-Icaza, J-M Bussat, and K Boahen, A Multicast Tree Router for Multichip Neuromorphic Systems, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol 61, no 3, pp 820-833, March 2014.

S Menon, S Fok, A Neckar, O Khatib, and K Boahen, Controlling Articulated Robots in Task-Space with Spiking Silicon Neurons, IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob), IEEE Press, pp 181-186, 2014.

J H Wittig and K Boahen, Potassium Conductance Dynamics Confer Robust Spike-Time Precision in a Neuromorphic Model of the Auditory Brainstem, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol 110, no 2, pp 307-321, 2013

P Gao, B V Benjamin, and K Boahen, Dynamical System Guided Mapping of Quantitative Neuronal Models onto Neuromorphic Hardware, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. vol 59, no 10, pp 2383-2394, Oct 2012.

R Alvarez-Icaza and K Boahen, Inferior Olive Mirrors Joint Dynamics to Implement an Inverse Controller, Biological Cybernetics, vol 106, issue 8-9, pp 429-39, August 2012

J Dethier, P Nuyujukian, S I Ryu, K V Shenoy, and K A Boahen, Design and Validation of a Real-Time Spiking-Neural-Network Decoder for Brain Machine Interfaces, Journal of Neural Engineering. vol 10, p. 036008, Apr 2012.

S Choudhary, S Sloan, S Fok, A Neckar, E Trautmann, P Gao, T Stewart, C Eliasmith, and K Boahen, Silicon Neurons that Compute, International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, LNCS, vol 7552, pp 121-28, Springer, Heidelberg, 2012.

B V Benjamin, J V Authur, P Gao, P Merolla, and K Boahen, Superposable Silicon Synapse with Programmable Reversal Potential, International Conference of the IEEE Engineering and Medicine in Biology Society, pp 771-774, 2012.

J Dethier, P Nuyujukian, C Eliasmith, T Stewart, S A Elassaad, K V Shenoy, and K Boahen, A Brain-Machine Interface Operating with a Real-Time Spiking Neural Network Control Algorithm, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, Curran Associates, Inc., pp 2213-21, 2011.

J Dethier, V Gilja, P Nuyujukian, S A Elassaad, K V Shenoy, and K Boahen, Spiking Neural Network Decoder for Brain-Machine Interfaces, IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, IEEE Press, pp 369-399, 2011.

R Alvarez-Icaza and K Boahen, Deep Cerebellar Neurons Mirror the Spinal Cord’s Gain to Implement an Inverse Controller, Biological Cybernetics, vol 105, issue 1, pp 29-20, August 2011.

D Sridharan, K Boahen, and E Knudsen, Space Coding by Gamma Oscillations in the Barn Owl Optic Tectum, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol 105, no 5, pp 2005-2017, May 2011.

J V Arthur and K Boahen, Silicon Neuron Design: The Dynamical Systems Approach, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,vol 58, no 5, pp 1034-1043, May 2011.

A Chandrasekaran and K Boahen, A 1-change-in-4 Delay-Insensitive Interchip Link, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE Press, pp 3216-3219, 2010.

J Lin and K Boahen, A Delay-Insensitive Address-Event Link, 15th IEEE Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems, IEEE Press, pp 55-62, 2009.

B Wen and K Boahen, A Silicon Cochlea with Active Coupling, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol 3, no 6, pp 444-455, December 2009.

K M Hynna and K Boahen, Nonlinear Influence of T-Channels in an in-silico Relay Neuron, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol 56, no 6, pp 1734-1743, June 2009

D Sridharan, B Percival, J Arthur and K Boahen, An in-silico Neural Model of Dynamic Routing through Neuronal Coherence, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 20, D Koller, Y Singer and J Platt Eds., MIT Press, pp 1401-1408, 2008.

K M Hynna and K Boahen, Silicon Neurons that Burst when Primed, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE Press, pp 3363-66, 2007.

R Silver, K Boahen, S Grillner, N Kopell, and K L Olsen, Neurotech for Neuroscience: Unifying Concepts, Organizing Principles, and Emerging Tools, Journal of Neuroscience, vol 27, no 44, pp 11807-11819, October 2007.

J V Arthur and K Boahen, Synchrony in Silicon: The Gamma Rhythm, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol 18, no 6, pp 1815-1825, 2007.

K A Zaghloul, M Manookin, B Borghuis, K Boahen, and J B Demb, Functional Circuitry for Peripheral Suppression in Mammalian Y-type Ganglion Cells, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol 97, no 6, pp 4327-4340, 2007.

K M Hynna and K Boahen, Thermodynamically-Equivalent Silicon Models of Ion Channels, Neural Computation, vol 19, no 2, pp 327-350, February 2007.

P Merolla, J Arthur, B E Shi, and K Boahen, Expandable Networks for Neuromorphic Chips, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol 54, no 2, pp 301-311, February 2007.

J Lin, P Merolla, J Arthur, and K Boahen, Programmable Connections in Neuromorphic Grids, 49th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Symtems, IEEE Press, pp 80-84, 2006.

J H Wittig Jr. and K Boahen, Silicon Neurons that Phase-Lock, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE Press, pp 4535-4538, 2006.

P A Merolla and K Boahen, Dynamic Computation in a Recurrent Network of Heterogeneous Silicon Neurons, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE Press, pp 4539-4542, 2006.

K M Hynna and K Boahen, Neuronal Ion-Channel Dynamics in Silicon, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE Press, pp 3614-3617, 2006.

J V Arthur and K Boahen, Silicon Neurons that Inhibit to Synchronize, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE Press, pp 4807-4810, 2006.

B Wen and K Boahen, A 360-Channel Speech Preprocessor that Emulates the Cochlear Amplifier, IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, Digest of Technical Papers, IEEE Press, pp 556-557, 2006.

B Taba and K Boahen, Silicon Growth Cones Map Silicon Retina, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 18, B Sholkopf and Y Weiss, Eds, MIT Press, pp 1329-1336, 2006.

B Wen and K Boahen, Active Bidirectional Coupling in a Cochlear Chip, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 18, B Sholkopf and Y Weiss, Eds, MIT Press, pp 1497-1504, 2006.

J V Arthur and K Boahen, Learning in Silicon: Timing is Everything, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 18, B Sholkopf and Y Weiss, Eds, MIT Press, pp 75-82, 2006.

K A Zaghloul and K Boahen, A Silicon Retina that Reproduces Signals in the Optic Nerve, Journal of Neural Engineering, vol 3, no 4, pp 257-267, December 2006.

P Merolla, A Silicon Model of the Primary Visual Cortex: Representing Features Through Stochastic Variations. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.

J V Arthur, Learning In Silicon: A Neuromorphic Model of the Hippocampus. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.

B Wen, Modeling The Nonlinear Active Chochlea: Mathematics and Analog VLSI . Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.

K A Zaghloul and K Boahen, Circuit Designs that Model the Properties of the Outer and Inner Retina, Visual Prosthetics and Ophthalmic Devices: New Hope in Sight, J Tombran-Tink & C J Barnstable, Eds, pp 135-158, 2005.

P Merolla, J V Arthur, and J H Wittig Jr, The USB Revolution. The Neuromorphic Engineer, vol 2, no 2, pp 10-11, 2005.

K Hynna, T Channel Dynamics in a Silicon LGN. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 2005.

B Taba, Self-Organizing Neuromorphic Systems with Silicon Growth Cones . Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, December 2005.

T Y W Choi, P Merolla, J Arthur, K Boahen, and B E Shi, Neuromorphic Implementation of Orientation Hypercolumns, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol 52, no 6, pp 1049-1060, June 2005.

K Boahen, Neuromorphic Microchips, Scientific American, vol 292, no 5, pp 56-63, May 2005.

K A Zaghloul, K Boahen, and J B Demb, Contrast Adaptation in Subthreshold and Spike Responses of Mammalian Y-Type Retinal Ganglion Cells, Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 25, no 4, pp 860-868, January 2005.

K A Zaghloul and K Boahen, An On-Off Log-Domain Circuit that Recreates Adaptive Filtering in the Retina, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol 52, no 1, pp 99-107, January 2005.

B Taba and K Boahen, Balancing Guidance Range and Strength Optimizes Self-Organization by Silicon Growth Cones, Artificial Neural Networks: Biological Inspirations — ICANN 2005: 15th International Conference, W Duch, J Kacprzyk, E Oja, et al. Eds, LCNS 3697, pp 1027-1034, Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2005.

S Y M Lam, B E Shi, and K Boahen, Self-Organized Cortical Map Formation by Guiding Connections, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp 5230-33, 2005.

J V Arthur and K Boahen, Recurrently Connected Silicon Neurons with Active Dendrites for One-Shot Learning, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN'04, IEEE Press, pp 1699-1704, 2004.

P Merolla and K Boahen, A Recurrent Model of Orientation Maps with Simple and Complex Cells, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, S Thrun and L Saul, Eds, MIT Press, pp 995-1002, 2004.

T Y W Choi, B E Shi, and K Boahen, A Multi-Chip Model of Cortical Orientation Hypercolumns, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol 3, pp 13-16, 2004.

K Boahen, A Burst-Mode Word-Serial Address-Event Link-III: Analysis and Testing, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol 51, no 7, pp 1292-1300, July 2004.

K Boahen, A Burst-Mode Word-Serial Address-Event Link-II: Receiver Design, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol 51, no 7, pp 1281-1291, July 2004.

K Boahen, A Burst-Mode Word-Serial Address-Event Link-I: Transmitter Design, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol 51, no 7, pp 1269-1280, July 2004.

T Y W Choi, B E Shi, and K Boahen, An ON-OFF Orientation Selective Address Event Representation Image Transceiver Chip, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol 51, no 2, pp 342-353, 2004.

K A Zaghloul and K A Boahen, Optic Nerve Signals in a Neuromorphic Chip II: Testing and Results, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol 51 no 4, pp 667-675, 2004.

K A Zaghloul and K A Boahen, Optic Nerve Signals in a Neuromorphic Chip I: Outer and Inner Retina Models, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol 51 no 4, pp 657-666, 2004.

Lin J, Word-serial address-event transceiver layout compiler . The Neuromorphic Engineer, vol 1, no 2, pp 2, 2004.

K A Zaghloul, K A Boahen, and J B Demb, Different Circuits for ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells cause Different Contrast Sensitivities, Journal of Neuroscience, vol 23, no 7, pp 2645-2654, April 2003.

E Culurciello, R Etienne-Cummings, and K Boahen, A Biomorphic Digital Image Sensor, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol 38, no 2, pp 281-294, 2003.

K M Hynna and K Boahen, A Silicon Implementation of the Thalamic Low Threshold Calcium Current, International Conference of the IEEE Engineering and Medicine in Biology Society, pp 2228-2231, 2003.

B Wen and K Boahen, A Linear Cochlear Model with Active Bi-directional Coupling, International Conference of the IEEE Engineering and Medicine in Biology Society, pp 2013-2016, 2003.

T Y W Choi, B E Shi, and K Boahen, An Orientation-Selective 2D AER Transceiver, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol 4, pp 25-28, 2003.

B Taba and K Boahen, Topographic Map Formation by Silicon Growth Cones, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15, S Becker, S Thrun, and K Obermayer, Eds, MIT Press, 2003.

B E Shi, T Y W Choi, and K Boahen, On-Off Differential Current-Mode Circuits for Gabor-Type Spatial Filtering, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol 2, pp 724-727, 2002.

B E Shi and K A Boahen, Competitively Coupled Orientation Selective Cellular Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol 49, no 3, pp 388-394, 2002.

K A Boahen, A Retinomorphic Chip with Parallel Pathways: Encoding ON, OFF, INCREASING, and DECREASING Visual Signals, Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol 30, no 2, pp 121-135, 2002. Invited paper

K A Zaghloul, A Silicon Implementation of a Novel Model for Retinal Processing. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, December 2001.

E Culurciello, R Etienne-Cummings, and K Boahen, Arbitrated Address-Event Representation Digital Image Sensor, Electronics Letters, vol 37, no 24, pp 1443-1445, 2001.

K Hynna and K A Boahen, Space-Rate Coding in an Adaptive Silicon Neuron, Neural Networks, Special Issue on Spiking Neurons in Neuroscience and Technology, vol 14, no 6-7, pp 645-656, 2001. Invited paper.

E Culurciello, R Etienne-Cummings, and K Boahen, High Dynamic Range, Arbitrated Address Event Representation Digital Imager, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol 2, pp 505-508, 2001.

B E Shi and K Boahen, Competitive Orientation Selective Arrays, Special Session on Gabor Filters and Transforms for Image Processing, European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, pp 45-48, Espoo Finland, August 2001. Invited paper.

E Culurciello, R Etienne-Cummings, and K Boahen, Arbitrated Address Event Representation Digital Image Sensor, IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, pp 92-93, 2001.

K A Boahen, Point-to-Point Connectivity Between Neuromorphic Chips using Address-Events, IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II, vol 47 no 5, pp 416-434, 2000. Invited paper.

K A Boahen, Retinomorphic Chips that see Quadruple Images, 7th International Conference on Microelectronics for Neural, Fuzzy, and Bio-Inspired Systems (MicroNeuro 99), IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos CA, pp 12-20, 1999. Invited paper.

K A Boahen, A Throughput-On-Demand Address-Event Transmitter for Neuromorphic Chips, 20th Anniversary Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI (ARVLSI뷹), IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos CA, pp 72-86, 1999.

K A Boahen, Communicating Neuronal Ensembles between Neuromorphic Chips, Neuromorphic Systems Engineering, T S Lande, Ed, ch 11, pp 229-261, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston MA, 1998.

K A Boahen, The Retinomorphic Approach: Pixel-Parallel Adaptive Amplification, Filtering, and Quantization, Neuromorphic Systems Engineering, T S Lande, Ed, ch 5, pp 131-152, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston MA, 1998.

K A Boahen, The Retinomorphic Approach: Adaptive Pixel-Parallel Amplification, Filtering, and Quantization, Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol 13, no 1-2, pp 53-68, 1997.

A G Andreou and K A Boahen, Translinear Circuits in Subthreshold MOS, Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol 9, pp 141-166, 1996.

K A Boahen, A retinomorphic vision system, IEEE Micro, vol 16, issue 5, pp 30-39, 1996.

K A Boahen, Retinomorphic Systems II: Communication Channel Design, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and System, Supplement, pp 14-17, 1996.

K A Boahen, Retinomorphic Systems I: Pixel Design, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Supplement, pp 9-13, 1996.

S-C Liu and K A Boahen, Adaptive Retina with Center-Surround Receptive Field, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, D S Touretzky, M C Mozer, and M E Hasselmo, Eds, vol 8, pp 678-684, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 1996.

K A Boahen, Retinomorphic Vision Systems, Fifth International Conference on Microelectronics for Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems (MicroNeuro?96), IEEE Computer Soc. Press, pp 2-14, 1996. Invited Paper

A G Andreou, and K A Boahen, A 590,000 Transistor, 48,000 Pixel Contrast-Sensitive, Edge-Enhancing CMOS Imager, 16th Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI (ARVLSI뷵), pp 225-240, 1995.

A G Andreou, R C Meitzler, K Strohbehn, and K A Boahen, Analog VLSI Neuromorphic Image Acquisition and Preprocessing Systems, Neural Networks, vol 8, pp 1323-1347, 1995.

A G Andreou and K A Boahen, A 48,000 Pixel, 590,000 Transistor Silicon Retina in Current-Mode Subthreshold CMOS, 37th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol 1, pp 97-102, 1994.

A G Andreou and K A Boahen, Neural Information Processing II, Analog VLSI: Signal and Information Processing, M Ismail and T Fiez, Eds, ch 8, pp 358-413, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994.

K A Boahen and A G Andreou, Design of a Bidirectional Associative Memory Chip, Associative Neural Memories: Theory and Implementation, M. Hassoun, Ed, ch 17, pp 288-305, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1993.

K A Boahen and A G Andreou, A Contrast Sensitive Silicon Retina with Reciprocal Synapses, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, J E Moody and R P Lippmann, Eds, vol 4, pp 764-772, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo CA, 1992.

A G Andreou, K A Boahen, et. al., Current-Mode Subthreshold MOS Circuits for Analog VLSI Neural Systems, IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, vol 2, no 2, pp 205-213, 1991.

P O Pouliquen, K A Boahen, and A G Andreou, A Gray-Code MOS Current-Mode Analog-to-Digital Converter Design, IEEE International Sympoisum on Circuits and Systems, vol 4, pp 1924-1927, 1991.

K A Boahen, A G Andreou, et al Architectures for Associative Memories using Current-Mode MOS Circuits, Advanced Research in VLSI, C L Seitz, Ed, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 1989.

A G Andreou and K A Boahen, Synthetic Neural Circuits using Current-Domain Signal Representations, Neural Computation, vol 1, pp 489-501, 1989.

K A Boahen, P O Pouliquen, et. al., A Heteroassociative Memory using Current-Mode MOS Analog VLSI Circuits, IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, vol 36, no 5, pp 747-755, 1989.