Synopsis:
Methods for the instances of X which are not found in X itself are sought in P, and its parent, and so on. Thus the mathematical notion of a set P and a subset X can modeled in this way.
Things which don't have instances have the empty class, called Nothing as their parent. The parent of Thing is Thing itself (because every thing is a thing).
The entire structure of types and their parents can be displayed with showStructure.
See also: