Lau v. Nichols and other federal court decisions.

BE 39-100.

Memorandum re: Identification of Discrimination and Denial of Services on the Basis of National Origin. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office for Civil Rights, May 25, 1970.

Lau v. Nichols

Task Force Findings Specifying Remedies Available for Eliminating Past Educational Practices Ruled Unlawful under Lau v. Nichols.U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office for Civil Rights.

Castaneda v. Pickard

Policy Update on Schools' Obligations Toward National Origin Minority Students with Limited-English Proficiency (LEP students). U. S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Memorandum from Michael Williams to OCR Senior Staff, Sept. 27, 1991.

The Office of Civil Rights' Title VI Language Minority Compliance Procedures. U. S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, April 6, 1990.

OCR Website on LEP Resources.

Link to Full NRC report, see pages 363-365 for early history of bilingual education.
Overhead from lecture

Web page assignment: The goal is two-fold: 1) solidify what you learned about federal civil rights law and the education of LEP/ELL students by organizing information and writing about it; 2) for web content organization, give ourselves a chance to work on a common task and learn from this experience to help us organize the rest of our website (after Tuesday, I envison that we will be doing individualized and/or team projects on different topics, so this will help us set some common objectives, formats, standards, etc.). So, your assignment is to mock up what might go into the content of a web page and sub-pages that might be titled "FEDERAL CIVIL RIGHTS LAW AND POLICIES"; I would suggest that you think in terms of layered pages of information / links that respect the laws of web pages, whatever those might be!

Discussion of Lau (Federal "sticks"), broad overview of issues, and website content and design issues.

Texas.

Texas and California comparison on standards-based reform. Web page created by STEP '00 students.

Massell, D., Kirst, M. & Hoppe, M. (1997). Persistence and Change: Standards-Based Reform in Nine States. Univ. of Pennsylvania: Consortium for Policy Research in Education.

Lachat, M.A. (1999) Standards, Equity and Cultural Diversity. Northeast and Islands Regional Laboratory at Brown University.

Expanding the Scope of the Texas Public School Accountability System. Texas Education Agency, Policy Research Report #9.

Academic Achievement of Elementary Students With Limited English Proficiency in Texas Public Schools Texas Education Agency, Policy Research Report #10.

Schrag, Peter (2000). Too Good to Be True. American Prospect, January, 2000.

Peter Schmidt, Texas Test Required for High-School Graduation Does Not Discriminate, Judge Rules. Monday, Chronicle of Higher Education, January 10, 2000.

GI Forum et al v. Texas. U. S. District Court, Western District of Texas, San Antonio Division. Civil Action No. SA-97-CA-1278-EP. Jan. 7, 2000.

High Stakes Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation. Jay P. Heubert and Robert M. Hauser, Editors. National Research Council, 1999. Chapter 9, English Language Learners

Questions for discussion in class.

Questions for your assignment on standards-based reform in selected states.

CA: Jackie, Joel; TX: Ken; IL: Sarah; FL: George; NY: Alim, Liz; MA: Andrew; AZ: Mikio; OR: Jack.

High Stakes Testing and ELLs

Chapter from High Stakes report from NRC. Please pick up your copy of the chapter from Elayne, after 4:00 PM, Wed. 1/31.

Language acquisition.

NRC 11-39, BE 117-137.

Hakuta, K., Goto Butler, Y. & Witt, D. How Long Does It Take English Language Learners to Attain Proficiency? Paper written for the University of California Linguistic Minority Research Insititute (LMRI).

California

Evaluation research.

BE 102-116; NRC 55-71
Greene, J. P. A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Bilingual Education.  University of Texas: The Tomas Rivera Policy Institute 

Thomas, W. & Collier, V. School Effectiveness for Language Minority Students.  NCBE Resource Collection Series, No. 9, December 1997

Rossell, C. H. Mystery on the Bilingual Express: A Critique of the Thomas and Collier Study. The READ Institute. 

Mary T. Cazabon, Elena Nicoladis, and Wallace E. Lambert (1998). Becoming Bilingual in the Amigos Two-Way Immersion Program. University of California, Santa Cruz, CREDE.

School improvement.

NRC 73-86. 
Berman, P., Minicucci, C., McLaughlin, B., Nelson, B. & Woodworth, K School Reform and Student Diversity:  Case Studies of Exemplary Practices for LEP Students. 
Tikunoff, W. J.  Applying Significant Bilingual Instructional Features in the Classroom.  National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education. 
Lucas, T.  Applying Elements of Effective Secondary Schooling for Language Minority Students: A Tool for Reflection And Stimulus to Change. National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education. 

Read up on state policies.

The case of California.

BE 242-261.

Gandara, Patricia (2000). In the Aftermath of the Storm: English Learners in the Post-227 Era. Bilingual Research Journal, 24: 1-14.

Maxwell-Jolly, Julie (2000). Factors Influencing Implementation of Mandated Policy Change: Proposition 227 in Seven Northern California School Districts. Bilingual Research Journal, 24: 37-56.

Hakuta, K. What legitimate inferences can be made from the 1999 release of SAT-9 scores with respect to the impact of Proposition 227 on the performance of LEP students?

Browse Prop 227 materials in James Crawford’s website
Browse Ron Unz’s website 

Questions that may be raised by Proposition 227. Memorandum, U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights. June 10, 1998.

Federal Education Legislation.

No Child Left Behind (Bush Administration sketch of legislation).

Crawford, J. 1997.  Best Evidence: Research Foundations of the Bilingual Education Act.  Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education.

GAO Report on LEP Students (2001).

Harvard Civil Rights Project Statement on Title I (2001).

Final Project is due Friday, March 23, 5:00 PM