Transmission

 

Enteroviruses

fecal-oral transmission  - (including polio) This can take place by direct contact with feces to the hands then eating utensils to the mouth.  This is especially prevalent in crowded conditions.  Water supplies can also be contaminated by sewage.

direct contact - acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

respiratory  - some cocksackie viruses can spread by aerosol routes to cause upper respiratory infection; polio can also be spread this way by way of the pharynx.

Rhinovirus

respiratory transmission - virus particles are shed in nasal secretions, coughing and sneezing aerosols

direct contact - Transmission can also occur by fomites where particles from tissues or hands touch the eyes or nose.
 

Hepatitis A

fecal-oral transmission  - The virus can survive in water for months.  This poses an especially large risk for potential outbreaks when the water supply becomes contaminated by HAV.  Developing countries with poor sanitation and hygeine and overcrowding have higher rates of infection.  Other risks posed are in food and water contamination.

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