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Viral Profiles

LaCrosse virus (genus: bunyavirus. Isolated from a case in LaCrosse, Wisconsin)

Symptomology	incubation is around 7 days. acute illness for 10 days (first 1-3 days marked by nonspecific symptoms including fever, headache, nausea, vomiting and lethargy; afterwards, stiff neck, lethargy, seizures). Severe disease often occurs in children under 16 years (seizures, coma, paralysis, and neurological sequela).
Outcome	few people die during the acute phase 10% of children develop epilepsy as a sequela learning disabilities and other objective cognitive deficits reported in 2% of patients
Epidemiology	geographic distribution: concentrated in the midwestern United States; Present throughout the United States east of the Mississippi River vector: Aedes triseriatus mosquito natural host: woodland rodents -most cases occur in July, August or September -people aged 1-14 years are at greatest risk for exposure to the vector (due to hiking and camping activities) 0.3% fatality rate
Prevention and Management	educate the public about spread and control; destroy larvae and eliminate breeding sites of vectors (by destroying and spraying tires with insecticide in particular); mosquito nets and screens; use of mosquito repellant

Bwamba (bunyavirus. Bwamba group)

symptomology	febrile illnesses lasting a week or less. Initial symptoms: fever, headache, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, rash
outcome	inapparent infection and mild disease are common
epidemiology	only identified in Africa vector: mosquito
prevention and control	mosquito-control; repellant; educate public about spread and control

Bhanja (genus: unclassified)

symptomology	fever incubation: usually 4-5 days
outcome	can cause severe neurologic disease and death; second attacks are rare
epidemiology	vector: tick found in Africa, Europe, Asia. Susceptibility is apparently universal
prevention and control	personal protection against ticks (light-colored clothing, avoid infested areas, tuck pants into socks, repellant, tick control)

Oropouche Virus (genus: bunyavirus. Simbu group)

symptomology	acute febrile illness of 1-2 weeks duration. incubation usually 3-12 days. Arthralgia, myalgia, headache, prostration.
outcome	no deaths occur. after acute illness, patients recover rapidly. inapparent infection and mild disease are common.
epidemiology	cause of repeated epidemics in Para province of Northern Brazil. Found in Brazil, Trinidad, Panama, and Peru. vector: midge--Culicoides pararesis epidemics only occur in rainy season and last no longer than six months virus possibly maintained in cycle involving sloths, monkeys and jungle mosquitoes
prevention and control	same general measures used for mosquito-borne viral encephalitides. mosquito repellant.

For more Bunyavirus profiles, please see another student webpage at: