The impact of the subgrid scale turbulence on the statistics of the particle motion, including preferential concentration is modeled by a Filtered Particle Tracking (FPT) approach. The model aims to reconstruct the residual (subgrid scale) fluid velocity along the particle trajectories. The results of LES computations provide a posteriori validation of the model through comparisons with available DNS study on preferential concentrations for different particle Stokes numbers.

Pozorski, J., Apte, S.V., & Raman, V., “Filtered particle tracking for dispersed two-phase turbulent flows,” Proceedings of the Summer Program, 2004, Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University.