I. % of Women in U.S. Paid Workforce by ethnicity/race
 

	All	White	Black	Hispanic	Asian Amer/Pacific Islander
1790
1800	4.6
1900	21.2		40.7
1920
1950	29.1
1960		38	48
1970		43	50
1980	51.1	52	53.6	47.8	57.7
1992	57	57.8	58	52.6
1995	58.9
1996	59.3	59.1	60.4	53.4

 

	% Married [total above]	children <3
1890	4.6
1920	9.0
1950	23.8
1970		15%
1980	50.1

 

sp. pres	abs	div	wid	children <3
61.1	62	737	17.5	33%

II.  Some International Comparisons 
 

1900			1995
Country	% of Women in Labor Force	# Children/mother	Country	% of Women in Labor Force
Algeria	7	7	Italy	34
China	55	2.3	France	48
Denmark	72	1.5	England	53
India	30	5.0	Sweden	59
S. Africa	46	5.1
USA	56	1.8

 

	% if Women
Former USSR	40
Latin America	30
S. Asia	20

III.  Occupational Segregation in the U.S.
 

Occupation	% Female
	1970	1980		1985	1995
Chemist	17	29	Managerial	35.6	48.0
Lawyer	6	27	Professional	49.1	52.9
Engineer	3	27
Nurse	91	94
Secretary	98	98
Teacher	74	74

IV.  Wage Gap: Women's Median Annual Earnings in U.S. as % of Men's (full time)
 

1890	46
1930	56
1970	59.4
1980	60.2
1990	71.1
1992	70.6

1990 average earnings
MANUFACTURING
Women's as % Men's
 

Sri Lanka	88
Hong Kong	70
Korea	51
Japan	43

 

U.S. 1993 wage ratio of females to white males		wage ratios of males to white males
White	70.8	74.0
Black	63.7	64.8
Hispanic	53.9

Ratio of median annual earnings by educational level, 1993
 

	HS	College
white male	100	100
black male	75	83
white female	71	73
black female	60	69