Feb. 7-9: Syntactic change

1. Read: Ch. 6 of Trask.
2. Assignment 4: due Feb. 14.

1. Sentence structure. Parameters and co-variation. Universals and typology of language.

2. Reanalysis.

3. Grammaticalization.
   • The unidirectionality issue.
   • How functional categories originate. Complementizers, tense, aspect, voice, mood. The rise of periphrastic perfects and passives.
   • Case, agreement, and word order. An example: explaining passive-to-ergative and shifts from lexical to structural case.
   • The origin and renewal of grammatical categories. Grammaticalization as non-exemplar-driven analogy.
   • An example: Jespersen's cycle.